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Part IVA of the Constitution of India (Article 51A) enumerates the Fundamental Duties of citizens. These duties were inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, and later expanded by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 to include the duty of parents or guardians to provide education to children. Although non-justiciable, Fundamental Duties are intended to promote civic responsibility, national unity, and respect for the ideals of the Constitution.
Article 51A
Fundamental duties
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Frequently Asked Questions
When were Fundamental Duties added and expanded?
Fundamental Duties were added by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, and expanded by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 to include the education-related duty.
How many Fundamental Duties are there under Article 51A?
There are eleven Fundamental Duties listed under Article 51A.
Are Fundamental Duties enforceable in court?
No, Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable; they are not enforceable by courts, but they guide the making of laws and civic conduct.
What does the duty regarding education require?
The duty requires a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years.
Which duties address respect for national symbols?
Citizens must abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
Which duties relate to unity and defence?
Citizens must uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, and defend the country and render national service when called upon.
Which duties concern culture and environment?
Citizens must value and preserve the rich heritage of composite culture, and protect and improve the natural environment and have compassion for living creatures.