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Parts of Indian Constitution

Explore all Parts of the Indian Constitution with article-wise details – from Union & States, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Emergency Provisions to Constitutional Amendments, in a structured and accessible format.

Part I

The Union and its Territory

Articles 1 to 4

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Part II

Citizenship

Articles 5 to 11

Part III

Fundamental Rights

Articles 12 to 35

Part IV

Directive Principles of State Policy

Articles 36 to 51

Part IVA

Fundamental Duties

Article 51A

Part V

The Union

Articles 52 to 151

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Part VI

The States

Articles 152 to 237

Part VII

The States in Part B of the First Schedule

Article 238

Part VIII

The Union Territories

Articles 239 to 242

Part IX

The Panchayats

Articles 243 to 243O

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Part IXA

The Municipalities

Articles 243P to 243ZG

Part X

The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Articles 244 to 244A

Part XI

Relations between the Union and the States

Articles 245 to 263

Part XII

Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Articles 264 to 300A

Part XIII

Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India

Articles 301 to 307

Part XIV

Services under the Union and the States

Articles 308 to 323

Part XIVA

Tribunals

Articles 323A to 323B

Part XV

Elections

Articles 324 to 329A

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Part XVI

Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

Articles 330 to 342A

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Part XVII

Official Language

Articles 343 to 351

Part XVIII

Emergency Provisions

Articles 352 to 360

Part XIX

Miscellaneous

Articles 361 to 367

Part XX

Amendment of the Constitution

Article 368

Part XXI

Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

Articles 369 to 392

Part XXII

Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi, and Repeals

Articles 393 to 395

Part IXB

The Co-operative Societies

Articles 243ZH to 243ZT

All data are provided for reference and should be reviewed by legal professionals before use.

Quick Overview

The Constitution of India is the supreme law and longest written national constitution, organizing governance into 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and 448 Articles, covering Union–State relations, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties, elections, finance, language, and emergency provisions. It was adopted on 26 November 1949, came into force on 26 January 1950, and has evolved via constitutional amendments while preserving the Basic Structure doctrine.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Constitution of India and why is it significant?

It is the supreme law defining governmental structure, powers, rights, duties, and guiding principles; it ensures rule of law, democracy, and protection of rights across India.

How many Parts and Articles are there in the Constitution of India?

There are 25 Parts and 448 Articles (as amended), expanded from the original 22 Parts and 395 Articles.

What are Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India?

Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35) guarantee civil liberties like equality, freedoms, protections in criminal law, and constitutional remedies.

What are Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)?

DPSP (Part IV, Articles 36–51) are non-justiciable principles that guide governance toward social, economic, and political justice.

What are Fundamental Duties?

Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A) outline civic responsibilities such as respecting the Constitution, national symbols, and promoting harmony and scientific temper.

What is the Basic Structure doctrine?

A judicial principle holding that core features (like supremacy of the Constitution, democracy, federalism, judicial review, and fundamental rights) cannot be altered by amendment.

Which Part covers Emergency Provisions?

Part XVIII (Articles 352–360) covers National, State (President’s Rule), and Financial Emergencies, with safeguards and parliamentary control.

How is the Constitution amended?

Article 368 prescribes amendment procedures requiring special majorities and, for federal features, ratification by at least half of state legislatures.

What happened to Part VII of the Constitution?

Part VII relating to Part B states was repealed by the Seventh Amendment (1956) following States Reorganisation.

What do the Schedules contain?

The 12 Schedules include subjects like legislative lists, validation of laws, allocation of seats, languages, and local government powers for Panchayats and Municipalities.

Where are Union–State relations defined?

Part XI (Articles 245–263) defines legislative, administrative, and intergovernmental relations between the Union and the States.

Which Part deals with the judiciary and tribunals?

Judicial framework appears across Parts V and VI; specialized tribunals are in Part XIVA (Articles 323A–323B).