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Part XXII of the Constitution of India (Articles 393–395) contains provisions incidental to the Constitution. These include its short title, date of commencement, the authoritative text in Hindi and rules of interpretation, and the repeal of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935, and related enactments.
Articles 393 to 395
Short title
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Commencement
Authoritative text in the Hindi language
Repeals
Frequently Asked Questions
What is stated in Article 393?
Article 393 gives the short title of the Constitution of India and identifies the instrument by which India is governed.
When did the Constitution commence under Article 394?
Article 394 specifies the commencement scheme of the Constitution’s provisions, distinguishing those that came into force earlier from those that commenced on the date of the Constitution’s effective operation.
What does Article 394A provide?
Article 394A provides for the authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi and states that translations of the Constitution and its amendments published under the provision shall be construed to have the same meaning as the original.
Which enactments are repealed by Article 395?
Article 395 repeals the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935, and certain related enactments, marking the constitutional break from prior governing statutes.
Why is an authoritative Hindi text necessary?
The authoritative Hindi text ensures constitutional accessibility in Hindi and establishes interpretive parity with the original text, guiding courts and authorities in reading the constitutional provisions.
How should this page be interlinked for clarity?
Link to per‑article pages (393, 394, 394A, 395), a source page hosting the authoritative Hindi text, and concise explainers on commencement provisions and the repeal of the 1935 and 1947 Acts.