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Part XIV of the Constitution of India (Articles 308–323) regulates public services under the Union and the States, covering recruitment, tenure, safeguards in disciplinary matters, All-India Services, transitional provisions, and the establishment, powers, and functioning of Public Service Commissions.
Articles 308 to 323
Interpretation
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Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
All-India services
Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services
Transitional provisions
Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services
Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
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Appointment and term of office of members
Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
Functions of Public Service Commissions
Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
Expenses of Public Service Commissions
Reports of Public Service Commissions
FAQs
What does Article 309 provide?
Article 309 enables the appropriate legislature to regulate recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State, and allows the President or Governor to make rules until provisions are made by law.
What is the doctrine under Article 310?
Article 310 provides that persons serving the Union or a State hold office during the pleasure of the President or the Governor, subject to constitutional provisions.
What safeguards are given by Article 311?
Article 311 affords procedural safeguards against dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities, including requirements of inquiry and opportunity of being heard, subject to specified exceptions.
What are All-India Services under Article 312?
Article 312 empowers Parliament to create one or more All-India Services common to the Union and the States, such as the Indian Administrative Service and Indian Police Service.
What does Article 315 establish?
Article 315 provides for Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States; two or more States may have a joint commission per agreement and law.
What are the key functions under Article 320?
Article 320 requires the UPSC and the SPSC to conduct examinations for appointments and to be consulted on recruitment methods, appointments, promotions, transfers, and disciplinary matters, subject to specified exceptions.
How are PSC expenses and reports handled?
Article 322 charges PSC expenses on the Consolidated Fund; Article 323 requires annual reports to the President or Governor, with statements laid before Parliament or the State Legislature.