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The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 replaces India's Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), streamlining criminal procedures with modern reforms. This act covers arrest processes, powers of criminal courts, investigation protocols, bail and bonds, maintenance orders, and provisions for trials, appeals, and evidence handling. It introduces digital evidence use, forensic investigation mandates, and strengthens accused rights while improving justice system efficiency.
भारतीय नागरिक सुरक्षा संहिता,2023
Act Details
46
2023
12/25/2023
01-07-2024
Ministry of Home Affairs
Department of Internal Security
Full List of BNSS Sections
The BNSS 2023 includes 39 chapters and 531 sections covering preliminary provisions, criminal courts, police powers, arrests, summons, warrants, trials, appeals, evidence recording, bail, maintenance orders, public order, preventive police action, and more. It modernizes procedures introducing forensic evidence, electronic trials, and enhances rights of the accused.
PRELIMINARY
CONSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL COURTS AND OFFICES
Section 6
Classes of Criminal Courts.Section 7
Territorial divisions.Section 8
Court of Session.Section 9
Courts of Judicial Magistrates.Section 11
Special Judicial Magistrates.Section 13
Subordination of Judicial Magistrates.Section 14
Executive Magistrates.Section 15
Special Executive Magistrates.Section 16
Local Jurisdiction of Executive.Section 17
Subordination of Executive Magistrates.Section 18
Public Prosecutors.Section 19
Assistant Public Prosecutors.Section 20
Directorate of Prosecution.POWER OFCOURTS
Section 21
Courts by which offences are triable.Section 23
Sentences which Magistrates may pass.Section 26
Mode of conferring powers.Section 27
Powers of officers appointed.Section 28
Withdrawal of powers.POWERS OF SUPERIOR OFFICERS OF POLICE AND AID TO THE MAGISTRATES AND THE POLICE
Section 30
Powers of superior officers of police.ARREST OF PERSONS
Section 35
When police may arrest without warrant.Section 37
Designated police officer.Section 41
Arrest by Magistrate.Section 43
Arrest how made.Section 46
No unnecessary restraint.Section 49
Search of arrested person.Section 50
Power to seize offensive weapons.Section 54
Identification of person arrested.Section 56
Health and safety of arrested person.Section 59
Police to report apprehensions.Section 60
Discharge of person apprehended.Section 61
Power, on escape, to pursue and retake.A.—Summons
Section 63
Form of summons.Section 64
Summons how served.Section 68
Service on Government servant.Section 69
Service of summons outside local limits.Section 71
Service of summons on witness.B.—Warrant of arrest
Section 72
Form of warrant of arrest and duration.Section 73
Power to direct security to be taken.Section 74
Warrants to whom directed.Section 75
Warrant may be directed to any person.Section 76
Warrant directed to police officer.Section 77
Notification of substance of warrant.Section 79
Where warrant may be executed.C.—Proclamation and attachment
Section 84
Proclamation for person absconding.Section 87
Claims and objections to attachment.D.—Other rules regarding processes
A.—Summons to produce
Section 95
Procedure as to letters.B.—Search-warrants
Section 96
When search-warrant may be issued.Section 100
Search for persons wrongfully confined.C.—General provisions relating to searches
Section 102
Direction, etc., of search-warrants.D.—Miscellaneous
Section 109
Power to impound document, etc., produced.Section 110
Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes.RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTANCE IN CERTAIN MATTERS AND PROCEDURE FOR ATTACHMENT AND FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY
Section 111
Definitions.Section 114
Assistance in securing transfer of persons.Section 116
Identifying unlawfully acquired property.Section 117
Seizure or attachment of property.Section 119
Notice of forfeiture of property.Section 120
Forfeiture of property in certain cases.Section 121
Fine in lieu of forfeiture.Section 122
Certain transfers to be null and void.Section 123
Procedure in respect of letter of request.Section 124
Application of this Chapter.SECURITY FOR KEEPING THE PEACE AND FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR
Section 125
Security for keeping peace on conviction.Section 126
Security for keeping peace in other cases.Section 130
Order to be made.Section 134
Power to dispense with personal attendance.Section 135
Inquiry as to truth of information.Section 136
Order to give security.Section 137
Discharge of person informed against.Section 139
Contents of bond.Section 140
Power to reject sureties.Section 141
Imprisonment in default of security.Section 143
Security for unexpired period of bond.ORDER FOR MAINTENANCE OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PARENTS
Section 145
Procedure.Section 146
Alteration in allowance.Section 147
Enforcement of order of maintenance.A.—Unlawful assemblies
Section 148
Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force.Section 149
Use of armed forces to disperse assembly.B.—Public nuisances
Section 152
Conditional order for removal of nuisance.Section 153
Service or notification of order.Section 161
Injunction pending inquiry.C.—Urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger
D.—Disputes as to immovable property
Section 167
Local inquiry.PREVENTIVE ACTION OF THE POLICE
Section 168
Police to prevent cognizable offences.Section 171
Prevention of injury to public property.INFORMATION TO THE POLICE AND THEIR POWERS TO INVESTIGATE
Section 173
Information in cognizable cases.Section 176
Procedure for investigation.Section 177
Report how submitted.Section 180
Examination of witnesses by police.Section 181
Statements to police and use thereof.Section 182
No inducement to be offered.Section 183
Recording of confessions and statements.Section 184
Medical examination of victim of rape.Section 185
Search by police officer.Section 189
Release of accused when evidence deficient.Section 192
Diary of proceedings in investigation.Section 195
Power to summon persons.Section 196
Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death.JURISDICTION OF THE CRIMINAL COURTS IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
Section 197
Ordinary place of inquiry and trial.Section 198
Place of inquiry or trial.Section 201
Place of trial in case of certain offences.Section 203
Offence committed on journey or voyage.Section 208
Offence committed outside India.CONDITIONS REQUISITE FOR INITIATION OF PROCEEDINGS
Section 210
Cognizance of offences by Magistrate.Section 211
Transfer on application of accused.Section 212
Making over of cases to Magistrates.Section 213
Cognizance of offences by Court of Session.Section 218
Prosecution of Judges and public servants.Section 219
Prosecution for offences against marriage.Section 221
Cognizance of offence.Section 222
Prosecution for defamation.COMPLAINTS TO MAGISTRATES
Section 223
Examination of complainant.Section 225
Postponement of issue of process.Section 226
Dismissal of complaint.COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE MAGISTRATES
Section 227
Issue of process.Section 229
Special summons in cases of petty offence.A.—Form of charges
Section 234
Contents of charge.Section 235
Particulars as to time, place and person.Section 238
Effect of errors.Section 239
Court may alter charge.Section 240
Recall of witnesses when charge altered.B.—Joinder of charges
Section 241
Separate charges for distinct offences.Section 243
Trial for more than one offence.Section 246
What persons may be charged jointly.TRIAL BEFORE A COURT OF SESSION
Section 248
Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor.Section 249
Opening case for prosecution.Section 250
Discharge.Section 251
Framing of charge.Section 252
Conviction on plea of guilty.Section 253
Date for prosecution evidence.Section 254
Evidence for prosecution.Section 255
Acquittal.Section 256
Entering upon defence.Section 257
Arguments.Section 258
Judgment of acquittal or conviction.Section 259
Previous conviction.A.—Cases instituted on a police report
Section 261
Compliance with section 230.Section 262
When accused shall be discharged.Section 263
Framing of charge.Section 264
Conviction on plea of guilty.Section 265
Evidence for prosecution.Section 266
Evidence for defence.B.—Cases instituted otherwise than on police report
Section 267
Evidence for prosecution.Section 268
When accused shall be discharged.Section 269
Procedure where accused is not discharged.Section 270
Evidence for defence.C.—Conclusion of trial
TRIAL OF SUMMONS-CASES BY MAGISTRATES
Section 274
Substance of accusation to be stated.Section 275
Conviction on plea of guilty.Section 277
Procedure when not convicted.Section 278
Acquittal or conviction.Section 279
Non-appearance or death of complainant.Section 280
Withdrawal of complaint.Section 281
Power to stop proceedings in certain cases.SUMMARY TRIALS
Section 283
Power to try summarily.Section 284
Summary trial by Magistrate of second class.Section 285
Procedure for summary trials.Section 286
Record in summary trials.Section 287
Judgment in cases tried summarily.Section 288
Language of record and judgment.PLEA BARGAINING
Section 289
Application of Chapter.Section 290
Application for plea bargaining.Section 293
Disposal of case.Section 294
Judgment of Court.Section 295
Finality of judgment.Section 296
Power of Court in plea bargaining.Section 298
Savings.Section 299
Statements of accused not to be used.Section 300
Non-application of Chapter.ATTENDANCE OF PERSONS CONFINED OR DETAINED IN PRISONS
Section 301
Definitions.Section 302
Power to require attendance of prisoners.Section 305
Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody.A.—Mode of taking and recording evidence
Section 307
Language of Courts.Section 308
Evidence to be taken in presence of accused.Section 309
Record in summons-cases and inquiries.Section 310
Record in warrant-cases.Section 311
Record in trial before Court of Session.Section 312
Language of record of evidence.Section 315
Remarks respecting demeanour of witness.Section 316
Record of examination of accused.Section 318
Record in High Court.B.—Commissions for the examination of witnesses
Section 320
Commission to whom to be issued.Section 321
Execution of commissions.Section 322
Parties may examine witnesses.Section 323
Return of commission.Section 324
Adjournment of proceeding.Section 325
Execution of foreign commissions.Section 326
Deposition of medical witness.Section 327
Identification report of Magistrate.Section 328
Evidence of officers of Mint.Section 330
No formal proof of certain documents.Section 332
Evidence of formal character on affidavit.Section 334
Previous conviction or acquittal how proved.Section 335
Record of evidence in absence of accused.GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
Section 338
Appearance by Public Prosecutors.Section 339
Permission to conduct prosecution.Section 343
Tender of pardon to accomplice.Section 344
Power to direct tender of pardon.Section 346
Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings.Section 347
Local inspection.Section 350
Expenses of complainants and witnesses.Section 351
Power to examine accused.Section 352
Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments.Section 353
Accused person to be competent witness.Section 359
Compounding of offences.Section 360
Withdrawal from prosecution.Section 366
Court to be open.PROVISIONS AS TO ACCUSED PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND
Section 370
Resumption of inquiry or trial.PROVISIONS AS TO OFFENCES AFFECTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Section 379
Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215.Section 380
Appeal.Section 381
Power to order costs.Section 382
Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance.Section 384
Procedure in certain cases of contempt.THE JUDGMENT
Section 392
Judgment.Section 393
Language and contents of judgment.Section 395
Order to pay compensation.Section 396
Victim compensation scheme.Section 397
Treatment of victims.Section 398
Witness protection scheme.Section 400
Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases.Section 403
Court not to alter judgment.Section 405
Judgment when to be translated.SUBMISSION OF DEATH SENTENCES FOR CONFIRMATION
Section 411
Procedure in case of difference of opinion.APPEALS
Section 413
No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided.Section 415
Appeals from convictions.Section 417
No appeal in petty cases.Section 418
Appeal by State Government against sentence.Section 419
Appeal in case of acquittal.Section 421
Special right of appeal in certain cases.Section 422
Appeal to Court of Session how heard.Section 423
Petition of appeal.Section 424
Procedure when appellant in jail.Section 425
Summary dismissal of appeal.Section 427
Powers of Appellate Court.Section 428
Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court.Section 431
Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal.Section 434
Finality of judgments and orders on appeal.Section 435
Abatement of appeals.REFERENCE AND REVISION
Section 436
Reference to High Court.Section 439
Power to order inquiry.Section 440
Sessions Judge's powers of revision.Section 441
Power of Additional Sessions Judge.Section 442
High Court's powers of revision.Section 444
Option of Court to hear parties.TRANSFER OF CRIMINAL CASES
Section 450
Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrates.Section 452
Reasons to be recorded.A.—Death sentences
Section 453
Execution of order passed under section 409.B.—Imprisonment
Section 457
Power to appoint place of imprisonment.Section 458
Execution of sentence of imprisonment.Section 459
Direction of warrant for execution.Section 460
Warrant with whom to be lodged.C.—Levy of fine
D.—General provisions regarding execution
Section 465
Who may issue warrant.Section 469
Saving.Section 470
Return of warrant on execution of sentence.E.—Suspension, remission and commutation of sentences
Section 472
Mercy petition in death sentence cases.Section 473
Power to suspend or remit sentences.Section 474
Power to commute sentence.PROVISIONS AS TO BAIL AND BONDS
Section 478
In what cases bail to be taken.Section 484
Amount of bond and reduction thereof.Section 485
Bond of accused and sureties.Section 486
Declaration by sureties.Section 487
Discharge from custody.Section 489
Discharge of sureties.Section 490
Deposit instead of recognizance.Section 491
Procedure when bond has been forfeited.Section 492
Cancellation of bond and bail bond.Section 494
Bond required from child.Section 495
Appeal from orders under section 491.DISPOSAL OF PROPERTY
Section 501
Destruction of libellous and other matter.Section 505
Power to sell perishable property.IRREGULAR PROCEEDINGS
Section 507
Irregularities which vitiate proceedings.Section 508
Proceedings in wrong place.LIMITATION FOR TAKING COGNIZANCE OF CERTAIN OFFENCES
Section 513
Definitions.Section 515
Commencement of period of limitation.Section 516
Exclusion of time in certain cases.Section 517
Exclusion of date on which Court is closed.Section 518
Continuing offence.MISCELLANEOUS
Section 520
Trials before High Courts.Section 522
Forms.Section 523
Power of High Court to make rules.Section 528
Saving of inherent powers of High Court.Section 531
Repeal and savings.