The Bombay High Court has taken suo motu cognizance of noise and environmental pollution arising from loud music, amplifiers and firecrackers during festivals in Mumbai. The Court noted that existing legal limits on noise pollution were not being implemented effectively on the ground.
A Division Bench comprising Justice G. S. Kulkarni and Justice Dr. Neela Gokhale passed the order on September 21, 2026, in Suo Motu Public Interest Litigation No. 1 of 2026.
Background
The proceedings concern the use of loudspeakers and amplifiers during festival processions, particularly the ongoing Ganapati Festival, along with the bursting of firecrackers on public streets.
The Court observed that simultaneous loud music and firecrackers can significantly increase overall noise levels. It also noted that restrictions governing the timing of such activities appeared to be breached.
The Bench clarified that there could be no objection to festivals and processions themselves, but said they must be conducted while respecting the rights of other citizens affected by excessive noise.
The Court highlighted the impact of high noise levels on senior citizens, students preparing for examinations and children. It observed that such persons should not be made to suffer because of excessive noise created during celebrations.
"Celebrations certainly need to take place, but they cannot be at the cost of breach of the legal rights of thousands of citizens."
The Bench also questioned the use of firecrackers, observing that they contribute to both air and noise pollution. It referred to the existing concerns regarding Mumbai's air quality and the Court's earlier suo motu proceedings concerning air pollution.
The Court further questioned why loud music through musical instruments, loudspeakers and amplifiers was being permitted in processions up to midnight when, as informed to the Court, such permission would ordinarily extend only up to 10:00 p.m.
The High Court issued notices to the State of Maharashtra through the Commissioner of Police (Traffic), the Urban Development Department, the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board and the Municipal Corporation for Greater Mumbai.
The respondents were permitted to file reply affidavits. The Court stated that it would hear the respondents on the issues raised and consider the applicable legal requirements and norms.
The matter was directed to be listed on September 22, 2026, at 11:00 a.m. The Court also requested Senior Counsel Aspi Chinoy and Advocate Anand Pai to assist it as Amici Curiae in the proceedings.
